You are given 12 balls and a scale. Of the 12 balls, 11 are identical and 1 weighs EITHER slightly more or less. How do you find the ball that is different using the scale only three times AND tell if it is heavier or lighter than the others?

Significantly harder than the last question!  Weigh 4 vs 4 (1st Weighing).  If they are identical then you know that all of 8 of these are “normal” balls.  Take 3 “normal” balls and weigh them against 3 of the unweighed balls (2nd Weighing).  If they are identical, then the last ball is “different.”  Take 1 “normal” ball and weigh against the “different” one (3rd Weighing).  Now you know if the “different” ball is heavier or lighter.

If, on the 2nd weighing, the scales are unequal then you now know if the “different” ball is heavier (if the 3 non-normal balls were heavier) or lighter (if the 3 non-normal balls were lighter).  Take the 3 “non-normal” balls and weigh 1 against the other (3rd Weighing).  If they are equal then the third ball not weighed is the “different” one.  If they are not equal then either the heavier or lighter ball is “different” depending on if the 3 “non-normal” balls were heavier or lighter in the 2nd Weighing.

If, on the 1st Weighing, the balls were not equal then at least you know that the 4 balls not weighed are “normal.”  Next, take 3 of the “normal balls” and 1 from the heavier group and weigh against the 1 ball from the lighter group plus the 3 balls you just replaced from the heavier group (2nd Weighing).  If they are equal then you know that the “different” ball is lighter and is 1 of the 3 not weighed.  Of these 3, weigh 1 against 1 (3rd Weighing)  If one is lighter, that is the “different” ball, otherwise, the ball not weighed is “different” and lighter.

If, on the 2nd weighing from the preceding paragraph, the original heavier group (containing 3 “normal” balls) is still heavier, then either one of the two balls that were NOT replaced are “different.”  Take the one from the heavier side and weigh against a normal ball (3rd Weighing).  If it is heavier, it is “different,” and heavier otherwise the ball not weighed is “different” and lighter.  If, on the 2nd weighing, the original lighter side is now heavier, then we know that one of the 3 balls we replaced is “different.”  Weigh one of these against the other (3rd Weighing).  If they are equal, the ball not weighed is “different” and heavier.  Otherwise, the heavier ball is the “different” one (and is heavier).

If you get this right and can answer within the 30 minutes alloted for the interview, then you probably do deserve the job.